Cystatin C is a Good Predictor of Hepatorenal Syndrome and Survival in Patients with Cirrhosis who have Normal Serum Creatinine Levels

Abstract

Background/Aims: We evaluated the usefulness of cystatin C as a prognostic marker in patients with liver cirrhosis and normal serum creatinine. Methodology: We retrospectively analyzed prospectively enrolled patients with liver cirrhosis and normal serum creatinine from February 2007 to March 2008. We checked liver function and kidney variables including serum creatinine, cystatin C and glomerular filtration rate from Cr-51-EDTA on the same day for all patients. The endpoints of the study were either development of hepatorenal syndrome or mortality. Results: In total, 112 patients with liver cirrhosis were enrolled in the study (87 men and 25 women, age 52 +/- 12 years). Twelve (11%), 59 (53%) and 41 (36%) patients were in Child-Pugh class A, B and C, respectively. Cystatin C was better correlated with glomerular filtration rate from Cr-51-EDTA than creatinine. The 1-year cumulative incidence of hepatorenal syndrome and the 1-year survival rate of patients were 20.5% and 79.5%, respectively. Cystatin C, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease and serum sodium were the independent predictive factors for hepatorenal syndrome. Cystatin C, serum sodium and prothrombin time were the independent factors for predicting survival. Conclusions: In patients with liver cirrhosis and normal creatinine levels, cystatin C is a useful marker for predicting hepatorenal syndrome and survival.