Comparison of antiplatelet treatment in patients with clopidogrel nonresponders with or without carriage of CYP2C19 polymorphism

Abstract

Background/Aims Several interventions exist for overcoming high platelet reactivity (HPR) on clopidogrel therapy. The goal of this study was to identify strategies that improve inhibition of platelet reactivity in clopidogrel nonresponders with or without loss of function CYP2C19 genotypes, resulting in platelet reactivity similar to that in responders. Methods A total of 376 patients with stenting for coronary artery disease underwent platelet function testing in three centers. Blinded platelet function tests were performed after 75 mg daily clopidogrel treatment for 28 days. In total, 183 nonresponders were genotyped, were randomized to four treatment groups with each treatment lasting approximately 28 days, and underwent repeated measurements of platelet reactivity after treatment. Results With 75 mg of daily clopidogrel, nonresponders had significantly higher HPR than did responders (multiple electrode aggregometry [MEA, arbitrary platelet aggregation unit]: mean, 71.4; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 68.6 to 74.3; and mean, 27.5; 95% CI, 26.0 to 28.9, respectively; p < 0.001). Ticagrelor or ticlopidine treatment in nonresponders resulted in platelet reactivity similar to that in responders in intermediate metabolizers (mean, 24.0; 95% CI, 19.6 to 28.4; p > 0.05; and mean, 30.0; 95% CI, 24.7 to 37.5; p > 0.05, respectively) and poor metabolizers (mean, 23.2; 95% CI, 18.0 to 28.3; p > 0.05; and mean, 30.3; 95% CI, 24.5 to 6.0; p > 0.05, respectively). However, in extensive metabolizers, only ticagrelor treatment showed platelet reactivity similar to that in responders (mean, 26.1; 95% CI, 24.1 to 28.0; p > 0.05). Conclusions Among clopidogrel nonresponders with cardiovascular disease on 75 mg daily clopidogrel, ticagrelor resulted in a comparable degree of platelet inhibition in all nonresponders compared with 150 mg daily clopidogrel or triple therapy with clopidogrel and cilostazol, irrespective of phenotype.